Neil Pond
Updated on: October 13, 2024 1:17 pm GMT
On Sunday, the Taal Volcano in Batangas, Philippines, erupted three times in a series of small phreatic explosions, according to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). The relatively low-level eruptions lasted between one and three minutes, adding to ongoing concerns about volcanic activity in the region.
Understanding Phreatic Eruptions
PHIVOLCS defines phreatic eruptions as steam-driven explosions that occur when water heated by magma or hot rocks suddenly expands. These events can occur without a buildup of magma reaching the surface, making them unpredictable and potentially hazardous.
Recent observations included:
- A volcanic tremor lasting 10 minutes.
- An emission of 8,927 tons of sulfur dioxide on September 21.
- Volcanic plumes rising as high as 1,800 meters and drifting to the north-northeast.
Current Alert Level and Hazards
Despite the relatively low intensity of the recent eruptions, Taal remains under Alert Level 1, categorized as “Low-Level Unrest.” This classification indicates that the volcano is still in an abnormal state and likely to experience eruptive activity. The current potential hazards include:
- Sudden steam-driven or phreatic explosions.
- Volcanic earthquakes.
- Minor ashfall.
- Lethal accumulations or expulsions of volcanic gases.
Communities surrounding Taal Caldera have been cautioned about the long-term health risks of exposure to high sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations. Regular monitoring and assessment of local preparedness are recommended to mitigate these hazards.
Access Restrictions and Safety Measures
PHIVOLCS has prohibited entry into the Taal Volcano Island and specifically warned against accessing the Main Crater and the Daang Kastila fissure. Local governments are advised to implement safety measures for residents and visitors, including:
- Monitoring volcanic activity and potential hazards.
- Conducting community preparedness drills.
- Informing the public about danger zones.
Additionally, civil aviation authorities are urged to provide warnings to pilots. They should avoid flying near the volcano to reduce the risk of encountering airborne ash and fragments from unpredictable eruptions.
Recent Volcanic Activity in Nearby Regions
The volcanic tremors at Taal are not unique to that area. Nearby Kanlaon Volcano recorded 25 volcanic earthquakes in the past few days, with emissions of 10,228 tons of sulfur dioxide. Kanlaon’s activity has escalated since September, leading to a declaration of Alert Level 2, indicating an increased risk of explosive eruptions.
Mayon Volcano, located further away in Albay, also registered volcanic activity. It emitted moderate amounts of plume drifting northeast and showed signs of a faint crater glow. Authorities have classified Mayon under Alert Level 1 due to its low-level unrest and continue to warn the public against entering the six-kilometer radius Permanent Danger Zone.
Conclusion
The recent eruptions at Taal Volcano highlight the ongoing geological activity in the Philippines. While the current state is classified as low-level unrest, the risks associated with volcanic activity remain significant. Residents and visitors in nearby areas need to stay informed and heed warnings from PHIVOLCS to ensure their safety.
As Taal and other volcanoes shake, local officials are reminding everyone to stay alert and be ready. It’s important to be cautious and prepared to handle any dangers these volcanoes might bring.
